The APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases: Distinct Antiviral Actions Along the Retroviral Life Cycle
نویسندگان
چکیده
The field of HIV biology has been galvanized by the discovery of innate APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, which pose powerful barriers to the replication of HIV and other retroviruses. Rapid progress has been made in understanding their mode of action, intriguing regulation within cells, expanded range of retroviral targets, and the counterstrikes utilized by retroviruses against them. While scientifically fascinating, advances in APOBEC3 biology may in the future lead to new anti-viral drugs and improved lentiviral vectors for gene therapy.
منابع مشابه
APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases: distinct antiviral actions along the retroviral life cycle.
The field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) biology has been galvanized by the discovery of innate APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, which pose powerful barriers to the replication of HIV and other retroviruses. Rapid progress has been made in defining their action, intriguing regulation within cells, expanded range of retroviral targets, and counterstrikes utilized by retroviruses against them....
متن کاملAdaptive evolution and antiviral activity of the conserved mammalian cytidine deaminase APOBEC3H.
The APOBEC3 genes encode cytidine deaminases that act as components of an intrinsic immune defense that have potent activity against a variety of retroelements. This family of genes has undergone a rapid expansion from one or two genes in nonprimate mammals to at least seven members in primates. Here we describe the evolution and function of an uncharacterized antiviral effector, APOBEC3H, whic...
متن کاملMutational comparison of the single-domained APOBEC3C and double-domained APOBEC3F/G anti-retroviral cytidine deaminases provides insight into their DNA target site specificities
Human APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G are double-domained deaminases that can catalyze dC-->dU deamination in HIV-1 and MLV retroviral DNA replication intermediates, targeting T-C or C-C dinucleotides, respectively. HIV-1 antagonizes their action through its vif gene product, which has been shown (at least in the case of APOBEC3G) to interact with the N-terminal domain of the deaminase, triggering its de...
متن کاملEvidence for Restriction of Ancient Primate Gammaretroviruses by APOBEC3 but Not TRIM5α Proteins
Because of evolutionary pressures imposed through episodic colonization by retroviruses, many mammals express factors, such as TRIM5alpha and APOBEC3 proteins, that directly restrict retroviral replication. TRIM5 and APOBEC restriction factors are most often studied in the context of modern primate lentiviruses, but it is likely that ancient retroviruses imposed the selective pressure that is e...
متن کاملBeyond SHM and CSR: AID and related cytidine deaminases in the host response to viral infection.
As the primary effector of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR), activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) serves an important function in the adaptive immune response. Recent advances have demonstrated that AID and a group of closely related cytidine deaminases, the APOBEC3 proteins, also act in the innate host response to viral infection. Antiviral...
متن کامل